Ralt

Ralt

The elegant lines of the Ralt RT3/82.
The elegant lines of the Ralt RT3/82.

Ron Tauranac was the designer behind the Formula 1 World Championship winning Brabham Grand Prix cars of the 1960’s and when Bernie Ecclestone bought out the company and after doing a number of freelance projects Tauranac decided to set up business on his own account. Ron started in racing in 1946 in his native Australia when with his brother Austin Lewis (Ron + Austin + Lewis + Tauranac= RALT) he began building cars for local competition events.

Ron Tauranac in the Ralt Mk1 in Australia in the early 1950s. Following him is Stan (father of Alan) Jones in his Maybach Special.
Ron Tauranac in the Ralt Mk1 in Australia in the early 1950s. Following him is Stan (father of Alan) Jones in his Maybach Special.

Ron himself competed in hillclimbs during the 1950s where a fellow competitor and later friend was Jack Brabham. By 1959 Ron was ready to accept Jack’s invitation to join him in England to set up Motor Racing Developments and begin the long run of very successful works and customer cars. Numerous race wins were taken in F1, F2 and F3 with both Jack Brabham and Denny Hulme winning the World Drivers Championship and Brabham taking the Constructors Cup. For several seasons Brabham dominated F2 and especially F3 as customers favoured the cars’ blend of simplicity, ease of maintenance and most importantly their sheer competitiveness. Eventually when Jack retired Ron bought Brabham and ran it for a year before selling it onto Bernie Ecclestone.
After a period that included designing the Trojan F1 and F5000 cars and working for Frank Williams Ron decided he wanted to get back into designing customer cars so in 1974 Tauranac set up the Ralt factory at Woking in Surrey and in 1975 the first Ralt, the RT1, was produced. The design philosophy behind the RT1 was to build a strong, reliable and easily maintained customer car that would be eligible for a number of classes, primarily Formula 2 and 3, and in the USA Formula Atlantic. Such was the success of the Ralt marque that by 1984 the 500th Ralt was delivered. In 1988 March bought out Ralt and Tauranac stayed on as a consultant, for the next couple of years March continued to win a lot of races but into the early nineties the Ralt star faded along with that of March. In the early nineties the 93C and the 94C turned out to be complete disasters and the Ralt name dropped out of F3 with hardly a ripple. At the end of the decade there was a surprise return to racing and although early results were disappointing Ralt returned to the UK championship in 2002.

1975

Larry Perkins in the original RT1 at Thruxton in 1975.
Larry Perkins in the original RT1 at Thruxton in 1975.

The first F3 Ralt, the RT1, consisted of a 16-gauge L72 aluminium monocoque with a steel subframe behind the cockpit. This consisted of two tetrahedron frames that ran to the bottom of a square frame that attached to the Hewland gearbox, a pair of tubular brackets secured the engine to the back of the tub. Additional braces located the top of the frame to the engine adaptor plate. Double wishbone suspension with outboard springs and dampers was employed at the front whilst a single top link, reversed bottom wishbone and twin radius rods were to be found at the rear, also with outboard springs and dampers. The radius rods were attached to the outer corners at the rear of the tub via steel plates. The front of the car used a large full width fibreglass nosecone whilst a wing was attached to the gearbox at the rear via a tubular frame. Brakes were solid 10.5 in. discs front and rear.
The car was on the pace immediately with Larry Perkins going well in the UK winning twice at Brands Hatch as well as taking a first at Monza and Bertram Schäfer taking a number of top three places in the German Championship including a win at Ulm.
Track: front 50.25 ins. rear 51 ins.

1976

Alessandro Pessenti-Rossi at Vallelunga in a European F3 round 1976
Alessandro Pessenti-Rossi at Vallelunga in a European F3 round 1976

A number of small changes were introduced for 1976, the most noticeable was a new nose cone design with rounder lines and an adjustable splitter. In addition the forward braces for the roll hoop were repositioned closer to the hoop, presumably for driver comfort. The track was also narrowed to 47.375 ins. at the front and 48.5 ins. at the rear.
Results were good without being spectacular, once again Bertram Schäfer went very well taking three wins.

Geoff Brabham in his RT1 in 1977
Geoff Brabham in his RT1 in 1977

For 1977 Tauranac introduced a few more small changes to his design, new elliptical bodywork was fitted. The intention had been to use this from the beginning but Tauranac held off as he felt customers would not like it as it made the car look bigger than it actually was. In addition changes to the technical regs meant that the rear wing now attached to the rear of the gearbox by a large diameter tubular steel crossbeam that doubled as the oil catch-tank.
The RT1 seemed to hit its stride in 1978 and although there were only two wins in the UK for Geoff Brabham on the continent the Ralt took nineteen major wins with Anders Olofsson taking the runner-up spot in the European Championship and won the Swedish crown whilst Elio de Angelis took the laurels in Italy although two of his four wins came in a Chevron.

1978

There was a relatively major redesign carried out to the engine spaceframe for 1978. In effect the twin tetrahedrons were flipped so that instead of the main spar running along the bottom of the tub with the “hypotenuse” going from the base of the roll hoop to the bottom of the gearbox, the main spar now ran from the base of the roll hoop to the top of the gearbox with the “hypotenuse” going from the bottom of the tub to the top of the gearbox. The square frame around the gearbox was replaced with a cast aluminium crossbeam bolted to the top of the gearbox to which the top link and damper were mounted. A cast magnesium bracket bolted to the bottom of the gearbox to take the lower wishbone. The radius rods now attached to the top and bottom of the tetrahedrons where they were bolted to the tub. The lower radius rod had a choice of three mounts to adjust the rear castor. The wishbone design was changed with an additional pair of plates to take the rearward attachment for the lower radius rod, previously it had been located on the wishbone via a clevis bolt.
Some teams tried fitting the wide track F Atlantic suspension which seemed to make the car more stable and improved its handling in mid-speed corners. Also some teams fitted adjustable roll bars and went to great lengths to lighten the cars.
The RT1 dominated the UK scene winning 24 of 29 races with Nelson Piquet and Derek Warwick ruling the roost. Similarly the European Championship was dominated by Jan Lammers and Anders Olofsson who won eight races between them, Olofsson took the Swedish Championship again and Bertram Schäfer came out top in Germany.

1979

The RT3's first race at Donington, Elisio Salazar driving.
The RT3's first race at Donington, Elisio Salazar driving.

1979 saw ground-effect arrive in F3 and constructors such as March, Chevron and Martini soon had their wing cars up and running, some with more success than others. The RT1 continued to be used by many drivers and although it was still capable of getting its driver on the podium it was no longer a winner. Thus the RT3 was born, it would soon become one of the most successful F3 designs ever. Comprising a very stiff aluminium tub with honeycomb bulkheads, suspension was inboard all round with the fuel tank located centrally. The tub was very narrow which allowed for wide, skirted sidepods for maximum ground-effect. The whole thing was enclosed in a very stylish body.
Early indications gave no clue as to its winning future, production was slow and only a handful of cars were built. Initially the car was a little heavy and it took drivers time to get used to it. The best result was probably a third at the Nurburgring in a German Championship round for Georg Bellof.

1980

Not surprisingly perhaps in view of its slow start in 1979 most drivers preferred the more proven March/Argo option for 1980 and it was not until round six of the British Championshiop that a RT3 appeared. However the chassis now began to show its worth as testing refined it and drivers got the knack of setting it up. Fortunately for Ralt front-runner Stefan Johansson was, like all other 803 drivers, having trouble with the latest March finding it very inconsistent. His Project Four team (owned by Ron Dennis) decided to switch to an RT3 for the closing races of the year and Johansson immediately took pole position for, and walked away with, the final four races to win the Vandervell British F3 Championship. It was a similar story in Germany where the RT3s of Frank Jelinski and Wolfgang Klein took first and second in the German Championship.

Stefan Johansson in his championship winning RT3
Stefan Johansson in his championship winning RT3

1981

Raul Boesel low flying his RT3/81.
Raul Boesel low flying his RT3/81.

The RT3/81 was a lightly revised version of the 1980, it featured a strengthened engine bay and reprofiled sidepods. In the UK the RT3 dominated the Marlboro Championship taking eight of the top ten places and winning nineteen out of twenty races. During the season Tauranac introduced revised suspension geometry based on the USA spec F Atlantic car. It was a similar story in Germany with the RT3 taking 5 of the top six places in the championship. It was only in the European Championship where the RT3 suffered it seemed unhappy on the European tyres although it was only at the final race that a RT3 appeared on the Michelin tyres that largely dominated the series.

Belgian Thierry Tassin who won four races in the British Championship with his RT3/81.
Belgian Thierry Tassin who won four races in the British Championship with his RT3/81.

1982

The RT3/82 with wet weather tyres.
The RT3/82 with wet weather tyres.

The 1982 RT3 continued the evolution of the original model and as its success increased more and more teams switched from other manufacturers, especially now that March were no longer building F3 cars. A number of the more experienced teams began to experiment with minor modifications to the design, notably to the bodywork, in an effort to gain an edge (however small) over their fellow RT3 users.
The Marlboro British Championship saw an almost total Ralt dominance, 20 wins out of 20 and 117 point scoring finishes out of 120. In Germany it was a RT3 1-2 finish in the championship whilst the only RT3 in Japan took the F3 Challenge Cup by a comfortable margin and both the French and Italian championships went to RT3 drivers. It was only in the European Championship that the RT3 suffered due to a lack of a concerted effort by any teams running a RT3. Nevertheless James Weaver took three wins and a second in only four races in the Eddie Jordan car to show what might have been with a full season season.

James Weaver during one of his dominant European Championship races.
James Weaver during one of his dominant European Championship races.

1983

Ayrton Senna won the Marlboro British F3 Championship in his West Surrey Racing RT3/83.
Ayrton Senna won the Marlboro British F3 Championship in his West Surrey Racing RT3/83.

Further evolution was the name of the game for the RT3/83, the sidepods were reprofiled once again, the rear end was further stiffened and there were slight suspension geometry modifications. Most obvious change was a new tub with a revised footbox area as a result of new FISA regulations. These design changes led to a more aerodynamic bodywork that featured a reprofiled pointed nosecone. Unfortunately the F3 cars were now suffering from the same problem that was ruining Formula 1, the cars were loosing aerodynamic efficiency as soon as they sat in the dirty air of another car.
Once again it was total RT3 dominance in the British Championship with Ayrton Senna and Martin Brundle winning 18 out of 20 rounds with the RT3s of Allen Berg and Calvin Fish taking the other 2 races. It was a similar story in the European Championship with every round going to a RT3 and the top nine places in the final standings going to RT3 drivers. Things were slightly different in the national championships, Anson took the German Championship with RT3s second and third, it was a similar story in France, Martini first, Ralt second and third. Italy, Japan and Sweden saw the status quo returned with RT3 drivers winning both championships.

Runner-up Martin Brundle in the Eddie Jordan RT3/83, note the reprofiled nosecone.
Runner-up Martin Brundle in the Eddie Jordan RT3/83, note the reprofiled nosecone.

1984

For this, the final incarnation, of the RT3 the most obvious change to the design was the adoption of a pushrod front suspension in place of the previous rocker arm design. Some drivers found the revised front suspension made the car more nervous and they reverted to the older system although most agreed that the pushrod system had more potential given sufficient sorting. Further rear-end strengthening and sidepod reprofiling were also introduced. Some teams also adopted the stronger Hewland FT200 gearbox in place of the more usual Mk9.
In the Marlboro British Championship it was business as usual, 17 rounds, 17 RT3 victories with Johnny Dumfries dominating, he won 10 rounds in all. In addition with the exception of one sixth place for Magnum every single point position went to RT3s. The B Class championship was also a RT3 benefit with the top seven places being sewn up. In Germany and Italy it was a RT3 1-2-3-4 in their respective championships whilst it was a top ten clean sweep in Sweden. Only in Europe and France did the RT3 stumble. Ivan Capelli took the European Championship in the Martini MK42 but his win was tainted after his car was found to have an illegally modified airbox at Monza and he was disqualified. RT3s took the next four places. In France it was a Martini home win with the MK42 taking the top five places.

1985

Continuing with the RT3 design was no longer feasible for 1985 with the introduction of the new flat bottom regulations so Tauranac came up with a new design, the RT30. The new car was clearly related to the RT3, at least as far as looks went but under the skin it was another story. Most obvious difference was the low sidepod on the right, Tauranac had spotted a loophole in the regulations as regards the the size of the deformable structure required and he used this to improve the aerodynamic advantage of the car. He also utilised the “coke bottle” shape pioneered by the McLaren F1 team to further aid the downforce available. At the rear a new development was fitting longitudinally mounted shock absorbers on the top of the gearbox. The car retained an aluminium tub with a honeycomb dash panel despite main rival Reynard taking the composite option. The chassis was 4 inches longer that the RT3 and a tubular “A” frame was used at the rear to mount the engine. Tubular steel wishbones were employed front and rear with pull rod operated dampers. For the first time Tauranac used a bell housing oil tank. The new flat floor was made from varnished wood and extended from the front of the pods to the rear where it joined to upswept sections.
Not surprisingly the car was another Tauranac winner although Reynard was a very serious threat. An early season change to the front suspension geometry saw the car easier to balance and it began to win. Mauricio Gugelmin took the British Championship with three victories and Dave Scott, Gary Evans and Gerrit van Kouwen also took UK wins. To nobody’s surprise the new Class B for year old cars was a RT3 benefit with wins at every round, final victory going to Jamaica’s Carlton Tingling. Results on the continent were good without being brilliant, Michel Trollé took third in the French Championship whilst in Germany Kris Nissen and Adrian Campos were second and third. In Japan the RT30 of Kouji Satou took first place ahead of the similar car of Aguri Suzuki.

1986

The old, familiar, and very successful, Tauranac evolutionary ploy was used in 1986 when the RT30 became the RT30/86. Utilising the same nose and cockpit as the ’85 model the two cars looked very similar but there were a number of significant changes. At the rear the dampers were moved back to a vertical position as wind tunnel testing showed a lower cleaner underwing was the way to go. The rear uprights were new allowing the lower wishbones to be lifted above the one-piece rear floor. Inboard the wishbones attached to a new combined bellhousing and oil tank. A modified left-hand sidepod contained a new smaller copper radiator. The tub was still aluminium honeycomb but was generally tidied up to make it more user friendly.
The RT30/86 was generally very successful, although the British Championship went to Andy Wallace and his Reynard the next 11 places went to Ralt. The German and Japanese Championships fell to Ralt and the chassis did well in both France and Italy despite coming up against hordes of Martinis and Dallaras. The car did gain a reputation for being hard to get the maximum out of and a few drivers tried switching to Reynard in the UK but didn’t go any better so perhaps it was a psychological problem than anything else.

1987

For 1987 a new car was introduced, the RT31, although it looked very similar to the RT30 it was in fact a largely new car in all respects. Rather than the previous aluminium honeycomb the tub now used outer skins internally clad with honeycomb composite panels tightly fitting between the bulkheads. The new design was claimed to increase rigidity as well as giving greater energy absorption in the event of an accident. At the front the springs and dampers were now mounted above the footbox and angled to the rear (they were angled forward on the RT30/86). The bulkhead forward of the dash hoop that takes the spring loadings was machined from solid on a CNC lathe. The tub itself was three inches longer between the engine and cockpit than on the 1986 car both to improve the driveability and to allow the fitment of an improved fuel collection system. The whole car was slimmer than the RT30/86 which meant that wider, deeper front wings were fitted without interfering with the airflow to the oil and water cooling systems in the left-hand pod, the water radiator size was increased by 25%.The flat floor was made from plywood which merged into the composite diffuser at the rear. The car now featured a contoured head fairing on the very smooth bodywork. Suspension was double wishbone all round with pushrods and “nodders” operating the dampers. The gearbox was a Hewland 5-speed with the option of a 6-speed at extra cost.

Track: front 56 ins. rear: 52 ins.
Wheelbase: 102 ins.
Length: 167 ins.

The RT31 was up against some very tough competition from both Reynard and Dallara and results were mixed. In the UK honours were pretty much even with Reynard and Ralt winning nine races each although Johnny Herbert won the Championship in a Reynard. The RT30 took second to fifth in the B Class Championship. In France the RT31 was second and third behind the Dallara of Jean Alesi. Understandably in Italy it was all about Dallara and fourth in the final German standings was the best result for a RT31. Ross Cheever won the Japanese title splitting his time between an RT30/86 and a Reynard 873 whilst most of the next places went to either RT31s or RT30/86s. The lower key Swedish Championship went to the RT31 of Micke Johansson.

1984

Once again it was evolution rather than revolution for the MK42 but after all this development things looked good again for Martini. Ivan Capelli took the European Championship in the Coloni-run car winning three races. Capelli also took a fourth win at Monza but was excluded when the airbox on the car was found to be illegally modified. This put rather a cloud on Capelli’s year but he did win two more races after Monza in a fully legal car. In the French Championship the MK42 dominated taking the first five places in the order Grouillard, Delavallade, Raphanel, Belmondo and Morin.

1985

The arrival of the flat-bottom regulations for 1985 saw a new model, the MK45, appear on the scene. It looked much smaller and neater than some of the more recent Martinis with its low, sloping sidepods. Once again it did very well with Raphanel and Dalmas taking 1-2 in the French Championship and Volker Weidler winning the German equivalent whilst Alex Caffi finished second in the Italian version. Yet again it was a Martini win at Monaco with Dalmas taking the victory laurels.

1986

The MK49 was in effect a stopgap whilst Martini were working on their first composite chassis. It was very much an evolution of the MK45 and once again was successful. Perhaps its most remarkable achievement was Dalmas winning the Monaco GP support race, the eighth successive win for Martini! At home Dalmas won six of the eleven rounds to win the French Championship, Michel Trollé taking third. Elsewhere it was less successful with just a sixth place in the final standings of the German Championship for Otto Rensing.

1987

There were high hopes for the MK52, Martini’s first composite chassis, it used pushrod suspension and was a typical late eighties design. Jean Alesi, runner-up in the 1986 series, was the works driver in France and in the first race of the French Championship at Albi he could only finish twelfth. For the next round Alesi borrowed his previous year’s Dallara and immediately won, the third round saw Alesi in a MK49 with MK52 suspension finishing seventh. Alesi was fed up and insisted on running a new Dallara for the rest of the year, he won six more rounds and took the championship. Martini blamed the problems on the drivers saying they were unwilling to develop the car but it was a similar story in Germany where despite some heroic efforts by Otto Rensing he could only manage two fourth places at Hockenheim and Zolder.

1988

The MK55 was Martini’s attempt to recover after the disaster of the MK52 and to some degree it was a success. The works cars of Lionel Robert and Didier Artzet ran well on occasions with the highlight a 1-2 at Paul Ricard and Artzet was leading comfortably at La Chatre until a loose wheel put him out. Sadly both men had to leave the championship half way through due to sponsorship problems. They finished seventh and eighth in the French Championship despite this, a case of what might have been. In Germany Frank Biela won at Mainz and the Hungaroring and took a second at Brno to finish third in the German Championship. Not a bad effort after the disaster of the previous year.

1989

Another new car for 1989, the MK58, it didn’t win any races but Yvan Muller and Lionel Robert had some good results in France to take fifth and sixth in the final standings although Robert did the last three races in a Dallara. Despite the previous years success in Germany the only runner of note was Michael Roppes, eighth at the end of the year.

1990

After the recent improved form of the Martini it all went wrong again in 1990 with the MK60, results were poor in both France and Germany.

1994

After leaving F3 for a few years Martini returned to the fray in 1994 with the Opel-powered MK67. The car was designed in 1993 but not built until ’84 when Promotec, the team running it, had secured the necessary finance. The car was driven by David Dussau who by the time the car appeared in the middle of May was the joint leader of the French F3 Championship in a Dallara. It finished fifth on its debut at Dijon in June, despite this promising beginning it seems the team weren’t happy with it and returned to the Dallara for the rest of the year.

1996

The Mk73 first appeared in August 1996 driven in the German F3 Championship. The idea was to have the car racing in 1996 so that it would qualify for the 1997 French championship which would only allow cars that raced before the end of 1996 to race. It showed immediate promise with a couple of top six finishes against the massed hordes of Dallaras.

1997

Martini’s ploy of introducing the MK73 early and getting some racing miles under it’s belt paid off in 1997. Although it was Dallara that took the French championship and Martini were up against the sheer numbers of the Italian cars Montagny showed the MK73 was a front runner with four wins towards the end of the year. In addition German driver Wolf Henzler took an excellent second place at the Monaco GP support race as well as finishing third in the German Championship. Henzler’s win at the Nurburgring was the first time Dallara had been beaten in Europe for over three years.

1997

1975

RT1
Luigino Grassi, Roberto Marazzi, Larry Perkins, Terry Perkins, Bertram Schäfer.

1976
RT1
Hakan Alriksson, Ian Ashley, Patrick Bardinon, Paul Bernasconi, Geoff Brabham, Helmut Bross, Eje Elgh, Ian Flux, Boy Hayje, Hanspeter Hess, Norbert Hutter, Werner Klein, Wolfgang Klein, Knut-Holger Lehmann, Gaudonzio Mantova, Oscar Pedersoli, Alessandro Pessenti-Rossi, Erkki Salminen, Bertram Schäfer, Detlef Schmickler, Walter Schöch, Clas Sigurdsson, Ulf Svenson, Thorkild Thyrring, Ole Veljlund.

1977
RT1
Daniele Albertin, Hakan Alriksson, Elio de Angelis, Paul Bernasconi, Tommy “Slim” Borgudd, Geoff Brabham, Gianfranco Brancatelli, Helmut Bross, Roberto Campominosi, Luis Canomanuel, Thorbjörn Carlsson, Sandro Cinotti, Armin Conrad, Eje Elgh, Roberto Farnetti, Don Farthing, Werner Fischer, Fernando Jorge, Wolfgang Locher, Thomas von Löwis of Menar, Roberto Manzoni, Piero Necchi, John Neilsen, Jac Nelleman, Filippo Niccolini, Anders Olofsson, Guido Pardini, Mario Pati, Oscar Pedersoli, Nelson Piquet, Orazio Ragaioli, Marzio Romano, Bertram Schäfer, Walter Schöch, Clas Sigurdsson, Henrik Spellerberg, Fernando Sperafico, Ulf Svenson, Thorkild Thyrring, Ole Veljlund, Leonardo Verrelli, Juan Villacieros, Derek Warwick.

1978
RT1
Daniele Albertin, Mauro Baldi, Tommy “Slim” Borgudd, Geoff Brabham, Helmut Bross, Roberto Campominosi, Guido Cappellotto, Ingvar Carlsson, Thorbjörn Carlsson, Jorge Caton, Andrea de Cesaris, Enzo Coloni, Ricardo Galiano, Jan Lammers, Wolfgang Lechner, Thomas von Löwis of Menar, Arie Luyendijk, Roberto Manzoni, Louis Maulini, John Neilsen, Anders Olofsson, Guido Pardini, Mario Pati, Oscar Pedersoli, Nelson Piquet, Huub Rothengatter, Bertram Schäfer, Gary Scott, Phil Silverstone, Hanspeter Stoll, Ulf Svenson, Thorkild Thyrring, Erico Uncini, Fermin Velez, Derek Warwick, Fridolin Wettstein, Rob Wilson.

1979
RT3
Georg Bellof, Roberto Campominosi, Luciano Pavesi, Eliseo Salazar.

RT1
Kenny Acheson, Daniele Albertin, Mauro Baldi, Georg Bellof, Michael Bleekmolen, Tommy “Slim” Borgudd, Thierry Boutsen, John Bright, Hans-Georg Burger, Roberto Campominosi, Guido Cappellotto, Thorbjörn Carlsson, Jorge Caton, Bruno Corradi, Urs Dudler, Jon Hedstrom, Placido Iglesias, Fernando Jorge, Thomas Kaiser, Walter Lechner, Frank Marvel, Louis Maulini, Philipp Müller, Luciano Pavesi, Oscar Pedersoli, Jean-Pierre Rochat, Carlo Rossi, Eliseo Salazar, Trevor Templeton, Bengt Tragardh, Rob Wilson.


1980
RT3
Daniele Albertin, Harald Brutschin, Hans-Georg Bürger, Guido Cappellotto, Frank Jelenski, Stefan Johansson, Eddie Jordan, Wolfgang Klein, Jun Takahashi, Rob Wilson.

RT1
Leo Anderson, Eddy Bianchi, Jackob Bordoli, Terry Gray, David Humphreys, Tomas Kaiser, Olar Ronningen, John Village, Marcel Wettstein.


1981
RT3/81
Enrique Benamo, Mike Blanchet, Michael Bleekemolen, Raul Boesel, Enzo Coloni, Cliff Hansen, Fred Krab, David Leslie, Roberto Moreno, Kees Nierop, Mike O’Brian, Hitoshi Ogawa, Brett Riley, Shoruku Sasaki, Klaus Schinkel, Dave Scott, David Sears, Ian Shaw, Thierry Tassin, Bengt Tragardh, Richard Trott, James Weaver.

RT3
Jonathan Palmer, Jun Takahashi, James Weaver.

RT3 (year unknown)
Alain Abdel, Stefan Bellof, Harald Brutschin, Umberto Calvo, Guido Cappellotto,Günter Gebhardt, Frank Jelinski, Thomas Kaiser, Peter Katranksi, Herve Roger, Peter Schindler.

RT1
Leo Andersson, Manfred Hebben, Aikawa Hiromitsu, Jean-Pierre Lorriaux, Takayuko Nakahama, Olav Ronningen, Norimasa Sakamoto, Gérard Vallat, Fridolin Wettstein, Jakob Wettstein, Peter Wisskirchen.

?
Rolf Egger, Philipp Müller.


1982
RT3/82
Enrique Benamo, Martin Brundle, Tommy Byrne, Paolo Giangrossi, Enrique Mansilla, John Nielsen, Bengt Tragardh, James Weaver.

RT3/81
Juan-Carlos Abella, Guido Capellotto, Fredy Eschenmoser, Kengo Nakamoto, Roberto Moreno, Denis Morin, Bernard Santal, Jo Zeller.

RT3 (year unknown)
Leo Andersson, Peter Argetsinger, Helmut Bross, Harald Brutschin, Thorbjörn Carlsson, Enzo Coloni, Philippe Colonna, Bruno Corradi, Dave Coyne, Bruno Eichmann, Cor Euser, Calvin Fish, Henning Hagenbauer, Manfred Hebben, Dieter Heinzelmann, François Hesnault, Philippe Huart, Mario Hytten, Ake Jansson, Davy Jones, Michael Kahnt, Thomas Kaiser, Harri Kangas, Peter Katsarski, Patrick Lalande, Walter Lechner, Tim Lee-Davey, Erich Leitner, David Leslie, Pierre-Alain Lombardi, Jean-Pierre Lorraiux, Pierluigi Martini, Kris Nissen, Nicky Nufer, Hans-Peter Pandur, Pierre Petit, Johann Reindl, Hervé Roger, Luiz Schaffer, Dave Scott, David Sears, Rudi Seher, Alfonso Toledano, Richard Trott, Fritz Vogel, Mike White, Joachim Winkelhock, Peter Wisskirchen.

RT1
Hiromitsu Aikawa, Werner Eckert, Georges A. Hedinger, Heinrich Heintz, Herbert Lingmann, Karl Schäfer, Arnold Wagner, Fridolin Wettstein, Tomiko Yoshikawa.

?
Bernard Leisi.


1983
RT3/83
Carlos Abella, Allen Berg, Gerhard Berger, Martin Brundle, Max Busslinger, Tommy Byrne, Ivan Capelli, Enzo Coloni, Johnny Dumfries, Calvin Fish, Patrick Gonin, Ronnie Grant, Tommy Grunnah, David Hunt, Mario Hytten, Davy Jones, Eric Lang, Tim Lee-Davey, Pierluigi Martini, Ruggero Melgrati, Cathy Muller, John Nielsen, Sakae Obata, Tarou Oomi, Emanuele Pirro, Roberto Ravaglia, Bernard Santal, Ayrton Senna, Didier Theys, Kurt Thiim, Carlton Tingling, Richard Trott, James Weaver.

RT3/82
Leo Andersson, Allen Berg, Ronnie Grant, Tim Lee-Davey, Johnny Dumfries, Mario Hytten, Carlton Tingling, Tony Trevor, Martin Wood.

RT3/81-82
Mike Blanchet.

RT3/81
Yoshimasa Fujiwara, Tommy Grunnah.

RT3/80
Gerry Amato.

RT3 (year unknown)
“Albin”, Harald Becker, Bodo Beil, Enrique Benamo, Jakob Bordoli, John Bosch, Helmut Bross, Harald Brutschin, Thorbjörn Carlsson, Fernando Cazzaniga, Urs Duddler, Marc Duez, Fredy Eschenmoser, Laurent Ferrier, Heinz Gilges, Manfred Hebben, Dieter Heinzelmann, François Hesnault, Thomas Kaiser, Harri Kangas, Peter Katsarski, Hanspeter Kaufmann, Günther Köbele, Claudio Langes, Walter Lechner, Gilles Lempereur, Nettan Lindgren, Stefano Livio, Karl-Christian Lück, Gerd Lünsmann, Heikki Mustonen, Nicky Nufer, Peter Oberndorfer, Hakan Olausson, Hans-Peter Pandur, Ralf Rauh, Johann Reindl, Hervé Roger, Alessandro Santin, Paul Schild, Lars Schneider, Frank Schmickler, Alfredo Sebastiani, Enzo Sebastiani, Johnny Sigfridsson, Marc Sourd, Marco Spinelli, Bartl Stadler, Hasse Thaung, Jan Thoelke, Franz Tost, Enrico Uncini, Fritz Vogel, Jürg Vogt, Walter Voulaz, Ruedi Wegmann, Volker Weidler, Karl-Heinz Wieschalla, Joachim Winkelhock, Peter Wisskirchen, Jo Zeller.

RT1
Heinrich Heintz, Bernard Leisi, Gerd Lünsmann, Axel Ress, Karl-Heinz Soll, Arnold Wagner.

?
Norbert Gapp.


1984
RT3/84
Carlos Abella, Leo Andersson, Marco Apicella, Allen Berg, Gerhard Berger, Adrian Campos, Ross Cheever, Dave Coyne, Johnny Dumfries, Christian Estrosi, Gary Evans, Calvin Fish, Darilo Frassoni. Andrew Gilbert-Scott, Alfred Heger, David Hunt, Harald Huysman, Mario Hytten, Paul Jackson, Neto Jochamowitz, Davy Jones, Eric Lang, Claudio Langes, Cosimo Lucchesi, Ruggero Melgrati, Cathy Muller, John Nielsen, Kris Nissen, Paul Radisich, Bret Riley, Luis Sala, Bernard Santal, Alessandro Santin, Dave Scott, Marc Simon, Russell Spence, Gabriele Tarquini, Hasse Thaung, Luis Villami, Walter Voulaz, James Weaver, Peter Wisskirchen, Rob Wilson, Emilio Zapico.

RT3/83
Ross Cheever, Johnny Dumfries, Keith Fine, Grey Hedley, Paul Jackson, Steve Kempton, Akio Morimoto, Sakae Obata, Tarou Oomi, Kouji Satou, Tony Trevor, Volker Weidler, Jo Zeller.

RT3/82
Steve Bradley, Philip Daniels, Ronnie Grant, Bernard Horwood, Sigiurd Krane, Hakan Olausson, “Anton Sobriquet”, Carlton Tingling.

RT3/81
Mike Blanchet, John Bullock, Masashi Kitagawa, Richard Morgan, Kouzou Okumura.

RT3/80
Dave Button, Hideo Fukuyama.

RT3 (year unknown)
Tuomo Alitalo, Beat Amacher, Steven Andskär, Eric Bachelart, Gianni Bianchi, Jakob Bordoli, Harald Brutschin, Alex Caffi, Thorbjorn Carlsson, Hendrik ten Cate, Thomas Danielsson, Dominique Delestre, Peter Deuscher, Michael Dorner, Urs Dudler, Marc Duez, Dominique Dupuy, Eberhard Ernst, Fredy Eschenmoser, Ernst Franzmaier, Heinz Gilges, Bruno di Gioa, Manfred Hebben, Altfrid Heger, Thomas Holert, Ake Jansson, Peter Katsarski, Hanspeter Kaufmann, Jari Koiranen, Franz Konrad, Walter Kupferschmid, Bernard Leisi, Gilles Lempereur, Walter Lechner, Nettan Lindgren, Leif Lindstrom, Thomas von Löwis, Karl-Christian Lück, Gerd Lünsmann, Claude Marcq, Heikki Mustonen, Mikael Nabrink, Nicky Nufer, Jari Nurminen, Stefan Oberndorfer, Christer Offason, Hans-Peter Pandur, Ronnie Peterson, Eric van de Poele, Ralf Rauh, Franco Scapini, Karl Schäfer, Lars Schneider, Gernot Sirrenburg, Reima Södermann, Karl-Heinz Soll, Bartl Stadler, Gianfranco Tacchino, Kurt Thiim, Thorkild Thyrring, Franz Tost, Gérard Vallat, Ruedi Wegmann, Jon Warmland, Karl-Heinz Wieschalla.

RT1
Heinrich Heintz, Axel Ress.


1985
RT30/85
Kouichi Akagi, Steven Andskar, Frank Biela, Franz Binder, Enrico Bertaggia, Adrian Campos, “Pierre Chauvet“, Ross Cheever, Dominique Delestre, Gary Evans, Keith Fine, Jo Foster, Ernst Franzmaier, Mark Galvin, Andrew Gilbert-Scott, Mauricio Gugelmin, Steve Harrington, Harald Huysman, Phil Kempe, Gerrit van Kouwen, Karl-Christian Lück, Giorgio Montaldo, Heikki Mustonen, Kris Nissen, Christer Offason, Jörg van Ommen, Mario Pelloni, Sami Pensala, Manuel Reuter, Luis Sala, Kouji Satou, Willi Schuster, Dave Scott, Russell Spence, Bartl Stadler, Delia Stegemann, Aguri Suzuki, Gianfranco Tacchino, Franz Theuermann, Alfonso Toledano, Michel Trollé, Peter Wisskirchen, Graham de Zille.

RT3/84
Paul Belmondo, Giles Butterfield, Wayne Earnshaw, Mark Goddard, Ronnie Grant, Godfrey Hall, Ross Huckenhull, Jun’ichi Ikura, Steve Kempton, Ian Khan, Rodolphe Koentges, Richard Morgan, Cathy Muller, Seiichi Okada, Dick Parsons, Kazushi Sano, Dave Scott, “Anton Sobriquet”, Paul Stott, Ray Stover, James Tolerton, Sean Walker, Rob Wilson, Mike Wright.

RT3/83
Hendrik ten Cate, Kevin Jones, Tarou Oomi, Terry Pudwell, Fumiko Shinoda, Carlton Tingling, Jo Zeller.

RT3 (year unknown)
Jorma Airaksinen, Beat Amacher, Marco Apicella, Eric Bachelart, Heinz Beißler, Jakob Bordoli, Peter Deuscher, Urs Dudler, Horst Fendrich, Jürgen von Gartzen, Richard Hamann, Altfrid Heger, Bruno Ilien, Paul Jackson, Wolfgang Jandl, Ulf Johansson, Peter Katsarski, Hanspeter Kaufmann, Wolfgang Kaufmann, Jari Koiranen, Rolf Kuhn, Walter Kupferschmid, Walter Lechner, Gilles Lempereur, Thomas von Löwis, Gerd Lünsmann, Heikki Myllymaa, Stefan Neuberger, Hitoshi Nishiyama, Jari Nurminen, Georg Pacher, Philippe Pechberty, Manuel Reuter, Hervé Roger, Uwe Schäfer, Willi Schuster, Gernot Sirrenburg, Reima Soderman, Ernst Thurnherr, Alfonso Toledano, Franz Tost, Klaus Trella, Arnold Wagner, Wilhelm F. Weber, Wolfgang Wendlinger, Jo Zeller.

RT1
Hiroyuki Makino, Shinji Kameda.

?
Steven Andskar, Claes Goran Back, Niclas Blom, Pierre Hirschi, Sonny Johansson, Sigurd Krane, Joakim Lindstrom, Leif Lindstrom, Christer Offason, Hakan Olausson, Ronnie Petersson, Hasse Thaung.


1986
RT30/86
Akio Morimoto, Julian Bailey, Gary Brabham, Ross Cheever, Tim Davies, Martin Donnelly, Cor Euser, Keith Fine, Mark Galvin, Peter Hardman, Johnny Herbert, Damon Hill, Ross Hockenhull, David Hunt, Harald Huysman, Syuuji Hyoudou, Paul Jackson, Kouichi Iwaki, Gerrit van Kouwen, Joachim Lindstrom, Massimo Monti, Kris Nissen, Mikael “Micko” Nordlander, Akinori Okada, Hakan Olausson, Tetsuya Oota, Eric van de Poele, Paul Radisich, Anthony Reid, Maurizio Sandro Sala, Syuuroku Sasaki, Kouji Satou, Dave Scott, Dave Simpson, Jo Zeller, Graham de Zille.

RT30/85
Kouichi Akagi, Guido Basile, Mike Donovan, Gary Dunn, Jun’ichi Ikura, Kristyan Ingram, Steve Kempton, Ian Khan, Alastair Lyall, Takamasa Nakagawa, Osamu Nakajima, Akihiko Nakaya, Makoto Nakayama, Shigeki Naruse, Tarou Oomi, Mario Pelloni, Lee Perkinson, Steve Petitt, James Shead, Paul Stott, Sean Walker, Gary Ward, Adrian Wilmott.

RT30 (year unknown)
Franz Abraham, Henrik Barkstrom, Sigi Betz, Franz Binder, Rinaldo Capello, Artur Deutgen, Frédéric Delavallade, Bruno Eichmann, Peter Elgaard, Stefan Fricke, Jürgen von Gartzen, Richard Hamann, Dieter Heinzelmann, Harald Huysman, Wolfgang Jandl, Micke Johansson, Michael Kahnt, Peter Katsarski, Wolfgang Kaufmann, Thomas von Löwis, Martin Ludwig, Gerd Lünsmann, Kris Nissen, Sami Pensala, Michael Roppes, Frank Schmickler, Willi Schuster, Gernot Sirrenburg, Delia Stegemann, Hasse Thaung, Franz Theuermann, Wilhelm F.Weber, Peter Wisskirchen, Peter Zakowski.

RT3/84
Ronnie Grant, Lee Perkinson.

RT3/83
Urs Dudler.

RT3/82
Simon Davey.

RT3 (year unknown)
Jorma Airaksinen, Masako Fujikawa, Hideaki Hagiwara, Masaru Isomura, Walter Kupferschmid, Masao Minamino, Heikki Myllymaa, Hitoshi Nishiyama, Franz-Josef Prangemeier, Renate Sieger, Johann Stelzer, Arnold Wagner, Mitsumasa Watanabe, Karl-Heinz Wenig, Uwe Wolpert.


1987
RT31
Didier Artzet, Eric Bachelart , Eric Bernard, Gary Brabham, Eric Cheli, Erik Comas, Jean-Denis Deletraz, Paulo Delle Piane, Martin Donnelly, Stefan Fricke, Yoshimasa Fujiwara, Hideo Fukuyama, Bertrand Gachot, Hideaki Hagiwara, Yukihiro Hane, Damon Hill, Syuuji Hyoudou, Kouichi Iwaki, Micke Johansson, Masahiko Kageyama, Takayuki Kinoshita, Jean-Noel Lanctuit, Gerd Lünsmann, Andre Malherbe, Michele Minutoto, Massimo Monti, Cathy Muller, Hitoshi Ogawa, Eric van de Poele, Roland Ratzenberger, Michael Roppes, Victor Rosso, Maurizio Sandro-Sala, Frank Schmickler, Dave Scott, Delia Stegemann, Mitsumasa Watanabe, Hisashi Yokoshima, Peter Zakowski, Graham de Zille.

RT30/86
Ross Cheever, Yukihiro Hane, Syunji Kasuya, Ian Khan, Takayuki Kinoshita, Eisaku Kitaguchi, Yoshimitsu Kondou, Osamu Nakajima, Sadafumi Nakajima, Akihiko Nakaya, Akinori Okada, Keiji Onaya, Kouji Satou, Isao Shibata, Gary Ward, Jo Zeller.

RT30/85
Thierry Lejeune, Takamasa Nakagawa, Osamu Nakajima, Isao Shibata.

RT30 (year unknown)
Peter Albertson, Henrik Barkström, Franz Binder, Peter Bohlin, Peter Boutwood, Rowan Dewhurst, Mike Donovan, Stefan Fricke, Kurt Gewinnus, Ronnie Grant, John Hotchkiss, Patrick Jerome, Tim Jones, Ian Khan, Eddie Kimbell, Martin Koller, Martin Ludwig, Alastair Lyall, Alain Menu, Christer Offason, Ian Shaw, James Shead, Paul Spooner, Mercedes Stermitz, Carlton Tingling, Julian Westwood, Uwe Wolpert.

RT3/84
Jun Andou.

RT3 (year unknown)
Gerhard Claus, Klaus Lepp, Yasuharu Nakajima, Martin Wagenstetter.


1988
RT32
Pierre Bennehard, Gary Brabham, Martin Donnelly, Gary Dunn, Kazuo Hada, Masakazu Hamana, Damon Hill, Ross Hockenhull, Syuuji Hyoudou, Jun’ichi Ikura, Eddie Irvine, Masahiko Kondou, Peter Kox, Masahiro Matsunaga, Alain Menu, Kiyoshi Misaki, Akihiko Nakaya, Makoto Nakayama, Ryuuichi Natsukawa, Hitoshi Ogawa, Akinori Okada, Maurizio Sandro-Sala, Syuuroku Sasaki, Kouji Satou, Dave Scott, Antonio Simoes, David Velay, Mitsumasa Watanabe, Karl Wendlinger, Jo Zeller.

RT31
Andy Bovensiepen, David Brabham, Claude Degremont, Martin Donnelly, Stefan Fricke, Sen’ichi Fujino, Kazuo Hada, Hideaki Hagiwara, Naoki Hattori, Syuuji Hyoudou, Jun’ichi Ikura, Kiyoshi Itou, Naozumi Itou, Micke Johansson, Masashi Kabuyama, Masahiko Kageyama, Katsutomo Kaneishi, Gerrit van Kouwen, Frank Krämer, Takuya Kurosawa, Shigeki Matsui, Hiroyuki Matsushita, Katsuhiko Mochiki, Eiki Muramatsu, Katsumi Muraoka, Akinori Okada, John Penfold, John Robinson, Maurizio Sandro-Sala, Kouji Satou, Isao Shibata, Tomohiko Sunako, Eiichi Tajima, Phillip Verellen, Naoki Wakasugi, Mitsumasa Watanabe, Logan Wilms, Eiji Yamada, Yuuji Yamamoto.

RT30/85
Ronnie Grant, Thierry Lejeune.

RT30 (year unknown)
Guido Basile, Peter Boutwood, Otmar Fassold, Naoki Hattori, Tamihide Katano, Yoshimitsu Kondou, Trond-Aage Krosby, Tsuneyoshi Mon’nai, Sakae Obata, Walter Zischg.

RT3 (year unknown)
Jun Andou, Andras Kövesdan, Herbert Prügl.


1989
RT33
Philippe Adams, Gary Ayles, David Brabham, John Estupinan, Takahiko Hara, Naoki Hattori, Derek Higgins, Naozumi Itou, Masahiko Kageyama, Katsutomo Kaneishi, Syunji Kasuya, Masahiko Kondou, Takuya Kurosawa, Shigeki Matsui, Alain Menu, Alan McNish, Fuminori Mizuno, Eiki Muramatsu, Ryuuichi Natsukawa, Steve Robertson, Keiichi Sakamoto, Kouji Satou, Antonio Simoes, Yoshiyasu Tachi, Minoru Tanaka, Hisashi Wada, Meik Wagner, Paul Warwick, Karl Wendlinger, Julian Westwood, Alessandro Zanardi, Jo Zeller.

RT32
Giovanna Amati, Ken Bowes, Augusto Cesario, Dominic Chappell, Masakazu Hamana, Naoki Hattori, Syuuji Hyoudou, Akira Ishikawa, Katsutomo Kaneishi, Takayuki Kinoshita, Masahiko Kondou, Thierry Lejeune, Shin’ya Maeda, Kiyoshi Misaki, Morio Nitta, Sakae Obata, Takayuki Ooi, Fernando Plata, Warwick Rooklyn, Kouji Satou, Kenta Shimamura, Tomohiro Souma, Tomohiko Sunako, Atsushi Tanaka, Tetsuya Tanaka, Hisashi Wada, Mitsumasa Watanabe, Chad Wentzel, Shinji Yoshikawa.

RT31
Yoshimichi Fujinaga, Hideaki Hagiwara, Genji Hashimoto, Tomoyuki Hosono, Naozumi Itou, Fuminori Mizuno, Tsuneyoshi Mon’nai, Akio Morimoto, Sadafumi Nakajima, Yukio Okamoto, Hakan Olausson, Seiji Oomura, Walter Perfler, Joachim Ryschka, Eiichi Tajima, Yoshinari Takasugi, Souichirou Tanaka, Tetsufumi Toda, Naoki Wakasugi.

RT30/86
Tsuneyoshi Mon’nai.

RT30 (year unknown)
Otmar Fassold, Volkmar Löw, Wolfgang Petutschnig.

RT3 (year unknown)
Syun’ichi Inoue, Herbert Prügl.


1990
RT34
Gary Ayles, Thorbjörn Carlsson, Eric Cheli, Bernard Dolan, Christian Fittipaldi, Mitsuo Fujimura, Yoshimichi Fujinaga, Ken’ichirou Fujinuma, Hideo Fukuyama, Naohiro Furuya, Kanemitsu Gondou, Markus Gutjahr, Hideaki Hagiwara, Osamu Hagiwara, Mika Hakkinen, Yukihiro Hane, Eric Helary, Pekka Herva, Marc Hessel, Derek Higgins, Jun’ichi Ikura, Akira Ishikawa, Naozumi Itou, Thomas Johansson, Masami Kageyama, Syunji Kasuya, Mitsutake Koma, Masahiko Kondou, Takuya Kurosawa, Ellen Lohr, Shin’ya Maeda, Jonathan McGall, Shigeki Matsui, Kiyoshi Misaki, Fuminori Mizuno, Kenji Moriya, Yvan Muller, Eiki Muramatsu, Takamasa Nakagawa, Sadafumi Nakajima, Ryuuichi Natsukawa, Masayoshi Nishigaito, Hiromi Nishizawa, Hideki Noda, Akinori Okada, Yukio Okamoto, Niko Palhares, Otto Rensing, Victor Rosso, Rickard Rydell, Mika Salo, Susumu Shinoduka, Hans Simonsson, Paul Stewart, Kinji Suzuki, Yoshiyasu Tachi, Eiichi Tajima, Youji Takahashi, Kazuaki Takamura, Minoru Tanaka, Tetsuya Tanaka, Tetsufumi Toda, Paul Warwick, Marco Werner, Hisashi Wada, Julian Westwood, Hisashi Yokoshima, Jo Zeller.

RT33
Philippe Adams, Laurent Aiello, Luca Badoer, Dominic Chappell, Yoshihiro Daimonji, Amato Ferrari, Yoshihisa Fujita, Naohiro Furuya, James Gurney, Osamu Hagiwara, Naoki Hattori, Steve Hepworth, Yasutaka Hinoi, Tomoyuki Hosono, Akira Ishikawa, Thomas Johansson, Masami Kageyama, Kouichi Kashiwabara, Tooru Katou, Nagao Kitade, Peter Kox, Robert Mears, Fuminori Mizuno, Satoshi Motoyama, Ryuuichi Natsukawa, Akinori Okada, Yukio Okamoto, Tadashi Okunuki, Kouzou Orita, Fernando Plata, Charles Rickett, Steve Robertson, Victor Rosso, Claes Rothstein, Darren Shaw, Susumu Shinoduka, Kazuaki Takamura, Tetsuya Tanaka, Syuuhei Taniguchi, Tetsufumi Toda, Keiichi Tsuchiya, Hisashi Wada, Hisashi Yokoshima, Flurin Zegg.

RT32
Takeshi Asami, Steve Bradley, Augusto Cesario, Dominic Chappell, Yoshihiro Daimonji, Pedro Diniz, Haruki Fujimura, Néstor Gurini, Thierry Lejeune, Tsuneyoshi Mon’nai, Kiyoshi Nakazawa, Osvaldo Negri, Akinori Okada, Kuniomi Sakai, Juan Serda, Atsushi Tanaka, Souichirou Tanaka, Jon Warmland.

RT31
Manfred Banzer, Kanemitsu Gondou, Kiyoshi Nakazawa, Walter Perfler, Joachim Ryschka,

RT30 (year unknown)
Günter Aberer, Volkmar Löw, Tomas Spöttl.

RT3 (year unknown)
Josef Tarmann.


1991
RT35
Philippe Adams, Marcel Albers, Hiroyuki Aoki, Rubens Barrichello, Olivier Beretta, Paulo Carcasci, Paolo Coloni, Jose Cordova, David Coulthard, Laurent Daumet, Pedro Diniz, Ludovic Faure, Yoshimichi Fujinaga, Jordi Gene, Guillaume Gomez, Kanemitsu Gondou, Yukihiro Hane, Takahiko Hara, Marc Hessel, Tomoyuki Hosono, Kaoru Iida, Takuji Ishida, Akira Ishikawa, Naozumi Itou, Masami Kageyama, Tatsuhiko Kanaumi, Kenji Kanehisa, Katsutomo Kaneishi, Masahiko Kondou, Tom Kristensen, Linus Lundberg, Hidetoshi Mitsusada, Akio Morimoto, Satoshi Motoyama, Takamasa Nakagawa, Sadafumi Nakajima, Ryuuichi Natsukawa, Eduar Merhy Neto, Masyoshi Nishigaito, Akira Noda, Hideki Noda, Keiichi Ogawa, Akinori Okada, Yukio Okamoto, Klaus Panchyrz, Olivier Panis, Anthony Reid, Andre Ribeiro, Steve Robertson, Kouji Satou, Ryuutarou Sawada, Eiichi Sawanobori, Mimmo Schiattarella, Shinsuke Shibahara, Kenta Shimamura, Takeshi Souda, Tomohiko Sunako, Eiichi Tajima, Kouji Takahashi, Kazuaki Takamura, Tetsuya Tanaka, Tetsufumi Toda, Keiichi Tsuchiya, Marcello Ventre, Jacques Villeneuve, Eugenio Visco, Marco Werner, Shin’ichi Yamaji, Hisashi Yokoshima, Alex Zampedri.

RT34
Steve Arnold, Olivier Beretta, Sandy Brody, Yoshihisa Fujita, Pekka Herva, Mikke van Hool, Tomoyuki Hosono, Syuuji Hyoudou, Tatsuhiko Kanaumi, Ewald Kapferer, Hideki Katou, Linus Lundberg, Shin’ya Maeda, Robert Mears, Hidetoshi Mitsusada, Kazutomo Mizuki, Ryuuichi Natsukawa, Akira Noda, Tadashi Okunuki, Sherif El Sakkaf, Yasunori Satou, Ryuutarou Sawada, Eiichi Sawanobori, Peter Schär, Ruedi Schurter, Shinsuke Shibahara, Kenta Shimamura, Nigel Smith, Hugo Spowers, Tomohiko Sunako, Kinji Suzuki, Kazuhito Takahashi, Kouji Takahashi, Tetsufumi Toda, Franz Wöss, Jo Zeller.

RT33
Christophe Bouchut, Jean-Christophe Bouillion, Alan Carruthers, Yoshihiro Daimonji, Svend Hansen, Eric Helary, Kaoru Iida, Kenji Kanehisa, Hideki Katou, Masamichi Mizutani, Yukio Okamoto, Claes Rothstein, Susumu Shinoduka, Souichirou Tanaka, Franc ten Wolde.

RT32
Augusto Cesario, Leonel Friedrich, Affonso Giaffone, Marcos Gueiros, Pedro Muffato, Cezar Pegoraro, Ricardo Risatti, Darcio Dos Santos, Tom Stefani.


1992
RT36
Philippe Adams, Marcel Albers, Hilton Cowie, Yoshihiro Daimonji, Pedro Diniz, Stéphane Fedon, Giancarlo Fisichella, Guillaume Gomez, Shigeaki Hattori, Pekka Herva, Warren Hughes, Elton Julian, Keiichi Kobayashi, Masahiko Kondou, Tom Kristensen, Michael Krumm, Scott Lakin, Nicolas Leboissetier, Sascha Maaßen, Hidetoshi Mitsusada, Kazutomo Mizuki, Hirofumi Sada, Mika Salo, Martin Santner, Diego Castro Santos, Kazuaki Takamura, Olivier Thévenin, Marco Werner.

RT35
Christian Abt, Steve Arnold, Peter Aslund, Adam Cottrell, Paul Evans, Gray Hedley, William Hewland, Derek Higgins, Yasutaka Hinoi, Akira Ishikawa, Frank Kremer, Tom Kristensen, Satoshi Motoyama, Yukio Okamoto, Niko Palhares, Danny Pfeil, Anthony Reid, Mika Salo, Nigel Smith, Kazuaki Takamura, Tetsuya Tanaka, Franz Wöss, Jo Zeller.

RT34
Steve Arnold, Augusto Cesario, “Constantino Jr.”, Hilton Cowie, Kurt Fischer, Guillermo Kissling, Pedro Muffato, Ricardo Risatti, Amanda Runnacles, Urs Rüttimann, Stephen Watson.

RT33
Affonso Giaffone, Marcos Gueiros, Svend Hansen, Claes Rothstein.

RT32
Pedro Muffato.

RT31
Christian Baumann, Günther Obermüller, Willi Sträuli.

RT30/86
Christoph Grossenbacher, Bruno Huber.

?
Josef Renauer.


1993
93C
Jeremy Cotterill.

RT37
Oliver Gavin, Riccardo Rosset, Gualter Salles, Eiichi Tajima, Jo Zeller.

RT36
Patrick Bernhardt, Chris Clark, Brian Cunningham, Yoshihiro Daimonji, Hans Fertl, Andre Fibier, Shigeaki Hattori, Masami Kageyama, Keiichi Kobayashi, Masahiko Kondou, Frank Kremer, Kazutomo Mizuki, Claes Rothstein, Hirofumi Sada, Derek Watts.

RT35
Abel Gonzalez, Georg Holzer, Ewald Kapferer, Urs Rüttimann, Andreas Schüssler, Franz Wöss.

RT34
Rubén Fontes, Bruno Huber, Fabián Malta, Tarso Marques, Norio Matsubara, Pedro Muffato, Helio Castro Neves, Andrew Nimmo, Renato Russo.

RT33
Fernando Croceri.

RT32
Andreas Bähler.

RT31
Wolfgang Krebitz, Willi Sträuli.

RT30 (year unknown)
Detlef Schoch.

RT3 (year unknown)
Jean-Claude Pointet


1994
94C
Warren Hughes, Eiji Sengoku.

93C
Hiroshi Urayoshi.

RT37
Urs Rüttimann, Jonathan Williams.

RT36
Yoshihiro Daimonji, Masayoshi Hasimoto, Georg Holzer, Ewald Kapferer, Josef Neuhauser, Franz Wöss, Hiroyoshi Yamazaki.

RT35
Andreas Bähler, Georg Holzer.

RT34
Roque Aranda, Fernando Croceri, Adrián Hang, Bruno Huber, Ramón Ibarra, Guillermo Kissling, Fabián Malta, Ricardo Risatti.

RT32
Denis Schubiger.

RT31
Willi Sträuli.

RT30 (year unknown)
Theodor Erhard.


1995
RT36
Florian Schnitzenbaumer.

RT35
Andreas Bähler, Georg Holzer.

RT34
Daniel Belli, Luiz Donizetti, Kurt Fischer, Bruno Huber, Marcelo Maciel, Sergio Tetamanzi.

RT33
Walter Santángelo.

?
Toni Teittinen.


1996
93C
Jo Zeller.

RT37
Urs Rüttimann.

RT36
Thomas Stingelin.

RT34
Gastón Amboade, Carlos Canzonetta, Luiz Donizetti, Kurt Fischer, Fabian Gysin, David Muffato, Carlos Di Nella, Gabriel Werner.

RT32
Stephan Bachmann.

RT33
Pontus Moerth.

RT3 (year unknown)
Christian Zeller.


1997
93C
Urs Rüttimann.

RT37
Heinz Baltensperger.

RT36
Peter Bachofen, Thomas Stingelin.

RT35
Georg Holzer, Bruno Huber.

RT34
Theodor Erhard, Jimmy Mezquida, Federico Sanz.

RT33
Markus Döbeli.

RT3
Christian Zeller.


1998
93C
Urs Rüttimann.

RT36
Peter Bachofen, Thomas Stingelin.

RT35
Bruno Huber, Reimund Seidenfaden.


1999
RT36
André Gauch, Marcel Heimberg.

RT35
Bruno Huber.

RT34
Fabian Gysin.


2000
F3/2000
Stuart Crow.

RT36
Tobias Blättler.

RT35
Bruno Huber.


2001
RT36
Esa Harklin.

RT35
Mikko Polameri.


2002
F93C
Bruno Huber.

?
Jussi Lailavuo.


2003
RT35
Teemu Tanninen.

Rak

rak
A mid-sixties F3 Rak looking rather Lotus-like.

Rak

Poland’s contribution to F3 racing, Rak (the Polish for crab) was the brainchild of four men Jerzy Jankowski who led the group and his three assistants Krzysztof Brun, Zbigniew Kulczynski and Jerzy Przybysz who had first built sports cars but then, in 1961, moved onto single seaters with a F Junior car. The team then switched to the new F3 producing a spaceframe car with double wishbones at the front and top link, lower wishbones and twin radius rods at the rear. The 1965 cars seemed to favour Wartburg power whilst the 1966 models used Skoda or Ford engines, in 1967 the cars were shown as “PZM” powered and for ’69 and ’70 it was either Ford or Wartburg power units. The cars ran quite well with a handful of reasonable places in German F3 races but their appearances were rare. Jerzy Jankowski had raced his own cars but a serious accident saw him retire in 1966, he also built the Promot (q.v.) F3 car.

Drivers

1965 Longin Bielak, Josef Kielbania, S. Kolecki, Henryk Nowak, Antoni Weiner.

1966 Longin Bielak, Jerzy Jankowski, Josef Kielbania, Wladislaw Szulczewski.

1967 Ksawery Frank, Josef Kielbania, Zbigniew Sucharda, Antoni Weiner.

1968

1969 Longin Bielak, Ksawery Frank, Josef Kielbania, Henryk Nowak, Zbigniew Sucharda.

1970 Longin Bielak, Jan Frank, Ksawery Frank, Josef Kielbania, Zbigniew Sucharda.

Ray

Ray
Stephen South in the Ray at Thruxton 1975.

Ray

Bert Ray has been involved in motor racing for many years now and for several years made his living as a fabricator making parts for other manufacturers such as Palliser as well as specialising in repairing other peoples accidents. He built his first car, a F Ford, in 1973 that was raced by ex-kart star Stephen South and in 1976 they both moved into F3. Over the years Ray has built a number of F Ford chassis that have always been competitive and frequently have been race winners but they have never been successful enough to challenge the dominance of manufacturers like Van Diemen.

1975

The 1975 Ray was designated either F375 or BR3 and was a monocoque design with a rear frame for the Toyota Novamotor. Suspension was double wishbone with outboard coils and dampers. The distinctive bodywork with its side radiators, high cockpit sides and full-width nose aerofoil certainly made it stand out although later in the season the nose design was changed (see above and left). Early results were promising with a 3rd at Aintree and a 5th at Brands Hatch but performance declined as the season progressed and although a F376 was announced for the following year Ray would not build another F3 car.

Drivers

1975 Stephen South.

1976 Luis Mara de Almenara (F375)

Ray75
Stephen South again showing a revised nose design at Crystal Palace 1975.

Raymond

raymond
raymond
raymond

Raymond

The Raymond was announced at the beginning of 1967, it was built by father and son Rovigno and Roberto Rimondi and was a spaceframe chassis based on the Brabham design. It was Cosworth powered and like many of the Italian cars used a Colotti gearbox. It’s only appearance seems to have been at Imola in May 1967 where it failed to qualify.

Drivers

1967 Alessandro Braga.

Rene’ Bonnet

badge
badge

Rene’ Bonnet

Following on from the demise of DB (q.v.) in 1962 René Bonnet started to work on his own account and began with building the rear-engined Djet sports car. This was swiftly followed by a F Junior chassis based on Renault components which in turn was followed by a F2 car. Both the Junior and F2 designs were similar, a spaceframe chassis with aluminium sheets riveted to the exterior and fibreglass panels glued to the inside. Suspension was double wishbone front and rear with inboard coil springs and dampers, a Renault engine and gearbox was used. Neither car was successful and the struggling company was taken over in 1964 by the French aerospace company Matra who were looking at a way to get involved in motor sport. The Bonnet F2 design would become the basis for the Matra MS1, the first F3 chassis from the company. Twice during 1964 Bonnet-Renaults were entered in French F3 races but never arrived. One entry was for the man himself, René Bonnet, and it was a works entry, if it existed was it a converted F Junior or the F2 car to F3 specifications.

Drivers

1964
René Bonnet, Roland Charrière.

Reynard

873
Paul Stott in the Eddie Jordan Racing 873.

Reynard

Adrian Reynard’s first tentative steps in motor sport began at the age of 12 when he bought a kart from the proceeds of mowing his neighbours’ lawns thus showing an early entrepreneurial flair. Reynard wasn’t only interested in becoming a racing driver, as a teenager he worked at the weekends for former bike racer George Brown who, after badly injuring himself in competition, had became very well known for constructing bikes that set numerous speed records. Reynard learnt a lot of basic engineering skills including welding whilst helping Brown and at school he showed a flair for the subjects that pointed towards engineering as a career. When he didn’t get the hoped for exam results to go to University Reynard attended Oxford Polytechnic on day-release from British Leyland. For his final exam he was required to build a lateral strain-gauge accelerometer, he actually built the first F Ford Reynard, the RF 73, needless to say he failed! During his student days Reynard built a sprint motorcycle and set a number of International speed records, an achievement Reynard would remain very proud of, the bike would go on display at the Reynard factory. Reynard decided to set up a business manufacturing production racing cars and with former March-man Bill Stone he formed Sabre Automotive, Reynard came up with the designs and Stone built them. Initially Reynard still raced his own cars and the RF 73 won its first race, a minor club event at Silverstone, the start of an amazing run of “first time wins”. Reynard continued to build F Fords and then F Ford 2000s, the man himself winning the European 2000 Championship in 1979 whereupon he decided to hang up his helmet. The Reynard cars soon gained a reputation for being both very competitive as well as using all the latest technical innovations and numerous wins and championships fell to the attractive cars. Following the arrival in 1982 of co-director Rick Gorne Reynard began to move up the motor racing ladder, F3 in 1985, F3000 in 1988 and CART in 1995. In each category amazingly Reynard won first time out and success followed success. It all began to go wrong when Reynard turned to F1, there had been flirtations in the past, in 1989 a F1 test hack had been built and designs had been used by other teams but Adrian Reynard wanted to do F1 properly. In 1999 Reynard became involved in the newly formed BAR team designing the new car for Jacques Villeneuve, there were problems almost immediately, Adrian Reynard and Craig Pollock did not agree on how the team should be run and behind-the-scene politics were rearing their ugly head. The whole Reynard company was now in trouble, they had withdrawn from F3 in 1993 following the success of Dallara, F3000 had become a one-make class and Lola won the contract to build the cars after Reynard priced their cars and spares too highly. The regulations had been changed for CART and new cars each season were no longer necessary and there had been a resurgence in the fortunes of Lola. A mistaken flirtation with sports cars and the acquisition of Riley & Scott together with a failed public floatation and sadly meant that in 2002 Reynard called in the receivers and one of the great names in motor sport was seemingly no more.

1985

The concept of the 853 began in the summer of 1983 with the arrival of Rick Gorne and the construction started in early 1984. Initially there was no intention to make it a customer car but the arrival of co-designer (with Adrian Reynard) Paul Owens, the former Chevron/Maurer/ATS engineer gave the necessary impetus to productionise the car from the outset. Unlike the Ralt which still featured the traditional aluminium monocoque the 853 adopted a three-quarter length carbon-fibre/kevlar tub. Unusually at that period the tub was one-piece rather than being built in two sections and then bonded together. Aluminium honeycomb was added at various places to increase rigidity and bobbins were set in the tub to take the loads from the suspension, engine frames, rollhoop etc. At the rear legs projected from the tub to triangulate the engine bay, the legs picking up on an upper crossbeam. The top of the tub formed the cockpit surround saving the need for a separate body piece whilst the sidepods were quite short, running in tightly against the gearbox and forming the roof of the rear venturi. Pushrod suspension was fitted all round with the rear suspension shallow-based to leave the venturis clear. The required flat floor was made from a sheet of aluminium. The suspension was designed to shear away from the tub in the event of an accident making repairs easier. A universal upright was used that was interchangeable front/rear and left/right. Bilstein dampers were fitted as were AP calipers, Reynard used their own discs. The car wasn’t cheap, costing some £2000 more than a Ralt but Reynard claimed that running costs over a season would be less. It couldn’t have been a better start for the 853 with Andy Wallace winning on its debut at Silverstone and for the rest of the season the Reynard was always a force to be reckoned with. By the end of the year the 853 had taken 5 wins in the British Championship shared between Andy Wallace and Russell Spence with these two taking second and third in the Championship. Ultimately the Ralt RT30 had the edge especially after a front suspension change early in the season made it easier to set up and drive but Reynard could be very pleased with their first season in F3. A number of Reynards appeared in other championships but mostly later in the season following on from the UK success, however Thomas Danielsson did take the Swedish crown with his Saab-powered 853.

1986

The 863 was an evolution of the 853 utilising many of the lessons learnt from the previous season. Changes were made to the tub both to improve the aerodynamics and also to make it easier to work on and repair in the event of an accident. Additionally changes were made to make the car simpler to construct. The most obvious visual change was the narrow nose which allowed the fitment of wider front wings. Some changes were also made to the suspension that made the car more driver-friendly and easier to set up for different circuits. Compared with its main UK rival, the Ralt RT30/86, the 863 required a much less precise driving style and most drivers were delighted with it. The 863 was certainly successful with Andy Wallace taking eight wins on his way to the British Championship. Surprisingly perhaps in view of the promise shown by the 853 not many cars were sold in the UK so Wallace was easily the most successful Reynard driver. Results were good elsewhere with Bernd Schneider finishing third in the German Championship and Stefano Modena taking fourth in Italy

1987

Working on the “why change a winning design” principle the 873 was a further evolution of the 863. The biggest change was at the rear where a new modular gearbox/oil tank casing that carried the suspension links and the anti-roll bar was utilised. This allowed for a narrower engine bay and smaller engine cover with the resultant aerodynamic gains. In addition the track was narrowed whilst the wheel base was lengthened. Evolution proved the way to go and results were excellent, the British Championship fell to Johnny Herbert with Martin Donnelly and Thomas Danielsson finishing third and fourth. In Japan Ross Cheever headed the standings, he used a Ralt RT30/86 in the opening rounds but then switched to a Reynard. Jo Winkelhock was runner-up in Germany as was Rickard Rydell in Sweden. Finally the EFDA F3 Cup went the way of Dave Coyne’s 873

1988

There were a number of changes introduced on the 883, most importantly a new narrow tub was used, reminiscent of that used on the Dallara. The front suspension was mounted onto a neat magnesium casting whilst the new wide based wishbones, top and bottom, attached to the 1″ thick honeycomb dash bulkhead. Koni spring and damper units were used front and rear. The front track was narrowed but the wheelbase stayed as on the 873. The 883 had an even more successful season than the 873, although in the British Championship it was Reynard 9 – Ralt 9, JJ Lehto took 8 of the Reynard wins and secured the Championship. The B Class Championship saw a 1-2 for the 873s of Alastair Lyall and Rowan Dewhurst. Jo Winkelhock and Otto Rensing finished 1-2 in German series. Rickard Rydell was runner-up in Sweden, and Fabrizio Giovanardi was third in Italy.

1989

For the 1989 model, the 893, Reynard continued with its unitary carbon fibre/Kevlar/aluminium honeycomb construction. The bulkheads were made from carbon fibre and honeycomb, and for this year the replaceable aluminium floor had an additional bonded aluminium honeycomb inner floor for extra strength in an accident. The tub was narrowed even more and the sidepods were reprofiled. Pushrod suspension was retained but the wishbones were less equilateral and more isoscelean, whilst a change was made to Bilstein spring and dampers. A suspension rethink was at least partially caused by a switch to Avon radial tyres in the UK. The front uprights were cast magnesium, the rears were fabricated steel. The braking system comprised cast iron discs with AP four-piston calipers at the front and with a two-piston type at the rear. Finally a single water radiator was mounted in the left-hand sidepod and the car was mounted on stylish Reynard designed wheels. It was a mixed year as far as results were concerned for the 893, in the British Championship 14 out of 16 races fell to the Ralt RT33 and Rickard Rydell’s fourth in the standings was all Reynard could manage. It would seem as if the Ralt adapted to the new radial specification tyres better than the Reynard. The French Championship was a relatively easy triumph for Jean-Marc Gounon’s 893. In Germany Heinz-Harald Frentzen switched from a Dallara to a 893 and only lost the Championship by one point to the Ralt of Karl Wendlinger. It was the runner-up spot again in Italy for the 893 of Antonio Tamburini while older 883 of Jan Nilsson took the minor championship in Sweden and the similar car of Leonel Friedrich was second in the Sudam Temporada

1990

The 903 was the result of some six months work with the Southampton University wind tunnel the purpose of which was to optimise the aerodynamics of the new design. The tub, which was based on that of the 1989 European Championship winning F3000 car, continued to employ the carbon fibre/Kevlar/aluminium honeycomb construction from previous years. The aerodynamic package had a major overhaul most noticeably in the adoption of a stepped underside on the bottom of the tub as on the F3000 car. Other aerodynamic changes included a new floor, diffuser and rear wing assembly. The front suspension was now mounted on a cast magnesium bulkhead using double sheer alloy plates in order to stiffen the whole ensemble. Similarly the rear suspension attached to a much stiffer gearbox/rear suspension module, pushrods continued to be used at both the front and rear. The 903 was to have a very mixed season, in the UK the Ralt RT34 completely outpaced it. Drivers reported the 903 to be nervous in comparison to the Ralt and within three or four races nearly everyone who had begun the season in the 903 had switched to the Ralt, the 903 could manage no better than fifth all year. It was a similar story in France, although eventual champion Eric Helary took four of the first six races in his 903 he soon found himself outpaced by the RT34s and he was forced to switch to the Ralt. However in Italy Roberto Colciago took the crown in his 903 but this was probably due to the fact that nobody of any consequence entered an RT34 in Italy. Michael Schumacher won in Germany beating the RT34 of Otto Rensing, arguably a triumph of driver over chassis and Niclas Jonsson was the victor in Sweden where all the top runners chose Reynard.

1991

Whilst the 913 was very similar to the 903 in concept a whole raft of changes were introduced in an effort to regain the ground lost to Ralt during the previous year. The tub of the 913 was now wholly composite with the aluminium floor no longer part of the package. Aerodynamically the single chord front wing was reprofiled with a new design short chord wing at the rear. The sidepods were redesigned with the water radiator in the left-hand pod whilst the right-hand pod contained all the electrical systems. The engine bay now featured stressed panels either side of and underneath the engine, the panels were used to feed the torsional and bending loads from the gearbox and suspension unit into the side and lower skins of the tub. The front springs and dampers were moved to the top of the chassis to make adjustment easier while the anti-roll bar mounts were attached directly to the tub with improved support bearings. There were revisions to the suspension geometry raising the roll centre above ground level in an effort to cure the high speed cornering nervousness that had been the downfall of the 903. The camber was adjustable by shims without changing toe-in and all suspension components were generally strengthened. Not surprisingly, in view of the previous year’s results, nobody was interested in the 913 in Britain forcing Reynard to use Edenbridge Racing to run a works development car for Gil de Ferran. This tactic paid off with de Ferran taking three wins during the year and finishing third in the British Championship. A similar championship position fell to Eric Cheli in France, whilst Jorg Muller finished fourth in Germany. In view of the disappointment of 1990 and the subsequent lack of support for the make the 913 did much to regain Reynard’s slightly battered reputation.

1992

The 923 was designed by David Brown and it was intended to be an improved version if the 913 with several important changes being introduced. The most noticeable alteration was to the sidepods which were now much taller than before. The changes to the pods were to improve the downforce levels whilst reducing the drag and at the same time, as per the then current F1 thinking, allow the rear of the car to be enclosed. The increased depth of the pods allowed the radiator (sited in the left pod as before) to be mounted vertically reducing its angle to the airstream. The front suspension geometry was altered to give more camber change in order to reduce mid-corner understeer. The increased track developed during 1991 was retained as it gave improved turn-in and the anti-roll bar now had a greater range of adjustment. The new 3D end plates on the front wing were designed to negate any attendant drag penalty. The rear suspension was new, it kept the geometry of the 913 but the gearbox pick-ups were shifted further inboard away from the airstream. This gave greater stiffness while a change to pullrod damper operation improved the access for adjustment. All the suspension pickups were removed from the gearbox sideplate making it easier to get at the diff. In the British Championship the 923 proved to be a popular choice with many teams following on from the improved form of the 913 and some suspicion about Ralt’s new carbon fibre RT36. Initially the 923 was a little behind the RT36 and lost out but following some careful development it soon had the edge and won 11 out of the 16 races with Gil de Ferran taking the Championship glory. The 923 was not a popular choice in most of the other championships and did not feature, the notable exception was in Germany where Pedro Lamy emerged on top at the end of the year.

1993

The 933 was a development of the 923, the cockpit dimensions were increased as taller drivers found the 923 restricted for space. The 933 seatback bulkhead was reshaped and the height of the chassis sides was increased allowing for alternate steering wheel positions. The front suspension was revised and a self-contained clutch system was fitted together with a new fuel cell. More work was done in the wind tunnel to improve the level of downforce. The 933 got off to an excellent start in Britain winning the first five races but suddenly the Dallara F393 arrived and that was it for Reynard. There were no more race wins and suddenly everyone was abandoning the Reynard and switching to the Dallara. Compared to the F393 the Reynard was better under braking as it had more downforce but it was nervous mid-corner, absorbed power, was slower out of the corners and aerodynamically it was inferior in all respects. It was a similar story everywhere, the few who ran the 933 were uncompetitive against the Dallara. At the end of the year Reynard decided to concentrate on other Formulae and left F3 for good.

Drivers

853b
Andy Wallace in the first F3 Reynard, the 853.
853
Andy Wallace sits in the first 853 to be built.
853a
Rear view of the 853.
863
The 863 at its announcement.
863a
Dave Scott in his 863.
873a
The 873 of Antonio Tamburini with a non-standard rear wing.
883
The 883 followed the look of the previous designs
883a
A frontal view of the 883 emphasises the narrowness of the monocoque.
893a
Rickard Rydell tests his 893.
893
Overhead shot of the 893 clearly shows the front suspension detail.
903c
Michael Schumacher on his way to another victory and the German Championship in his 903.
903a
The 903 at its announcement.
903b
The front suspension of the 903 featuring the cast magnesium bulkhead.
913
The 913 showing the increasing height of the sidepods.
913a
Inboard front suspension showing the dampers and pushrods.
923
The 923 undergoing early testing.
923a
Rear view of the 923.
923b
The sidepods were getting taller.
933
The 933 at the Reynard factory.
933a
Andre Ribeiro in his 933.

1985
853
Marco Apicella, Paul Belmondo, Dave Coyne, Thomas Danielsson, Tim Davies, Fabien Giroix, Hanspeter Kaufmann, Akio Morimoto, Cathy Muller, Anthony Reid, Maurizio Sandro Sala, Uwe Schäfer, Pietro Spazolla, Russell Spence, Alfonso Toledano, Andy Wallace.

1986
863
Paul Belmondo, Andy Bovensiepen, Dave Coyne, Thomas Danielsson, Tim Davies, Franz Dufter, Fabien Giroix, Masakazu Hamana, Richard Hamann, “Neto” Jochamowitz, Henrik Larsen, Tomi Luhtanen, Perry McCarthy, Stefano Modena, Stefan Neuberger, Hideki Okada, Andrew Ridgeley, Dag Rosthe, Maurizio Sandro Sala, Bernd Schneider, Dieter Strietzel, Kyouji Suzuki, Sadao Tanaki, Alfonso Toledano, Alfonso de Vinuesa, Christian Vogler, Andy Wallace, Wilhelm F.Weber.

853
Peter Bourque, Werner Braun, Helmut Bross, Mark Goddard, Don Hardman, Kristyan Ingram, Hanspeter Kaufmann, Andy King, Shigeki Matsui, Stefan Neuberger, John Robinson, Ruedi Schurter, Chris Vogler.

?
Fritz Augsburger.

1987
873
Phil Andrews, Frank Biela, Mark Blundell, Giovanni Bonanno, Ross Cheever, David Coyne, Thomas Danielsson, Martin Donnelly, Philippe Favre, Philippe Gache, Mark Galvin, Andrew Gilbert-Scott, Masakazu Hamana, Richard Hamann, Johnny Herbert, Ross Hockenhull, Gilberto Jiminez, Wolfgang Kaufmann, Steve Kempton, Peter Kox, Rolf Kuhn, Tomi Luhtanen, Shigeki Matsui, Perry McCarthy, Sadafumi Nakajima, Akihiko Nakaya, Oswaldo Negri, Mikael “Micko” Nordlander, Akinori Okada, Hakan Olausson, Rosario Parasiliti, Pedro Passadore, Johan Rajamaki, Rickard Rydell, Frank Schmickler, Niclas Schonstrom, Felice Tedeschi, Hasse Thaung, Eugenio Visco, Andy Wallace, Joachim Winkelhock, Peter Wisskirchen.

863
Sigi Betz, Franz Binder, Steve Bottoms, Gary Dunn, Masakazu Hamana, Don Hardman, Gavin Jones, Yasuhiro Okuno, José de Melo Pimenta, Shin Saitou, Tatsuhiko Seki, Scott Stringfellow, Kyouji Suzuki.

853
Richard Hamann, Tomoyuki Hosono, Katsunori Iketani.

?
Ruedi Schurter.

1988
883
John Alcorn, Jonathan Bancroft, Michael Bartels, Josef Bertzen, Kenny Brack, Andreas Buhk, Jocke Burgersson, Daniel Cingolani, Jason Elliott, Philippe Favre, Frank Freon, Andrew Gilbert-Scott, Fabrizio Giovanardi, Yukihiro Hane, Christophe Hurni, Jun’ichi Ikura, Rolf Kuhn, JJ Lehto, Pedro Muffato, Stefan Neuberger, Jean Luc Palis, Pedro Passadore, Roland Ratzenberger, Otto Rensing, Michael Roppes, Rickard Rydell, Dave Scott, Gianfranco Tacchino, Meik Wagner, Thorsten Walz, Paul Warwick, Joachim Winkelhock.

873
Peter Albertsson, Robert Amren, Kalman Bodis, Pete Bohlin, Andreas Buhk, Daniel Cingolani, Rowan Dewhurst, Franz Engstler, Otmar Fassold, Gil de Ferran, Leonel Friedrich, David Germain, Duncan Gray, Richard Hamann, Svend Hansen, Don Hardman, Hans Hillebrink, Katsutomo Kaneishi, Eddie Kimbell, Alistair Lyall, Shigeki Matsui, Tomas Mazera, Jorge Muraglia, Morio Nitta, Hideki Noda, Tadashi Okunuki, Hakan Olausson, José Luis Di Palma, Pedro Passadore, Steve Pettit, Richard Reynolds, Ruedi Schurter, Dave Scott, Craig Simmiss, Gernot Sirrenburg, Paul Smith, Scott Stringfellow, Gary Thomas, Hisashi Wada, Sean Walker, Rene Wartmann, Akira Watanabe, Shinji Yoshikawa.

863
Sigi Betz, Steve Bottoms, Ringo Hine, Geoff Janes, Rob Murphy, Kiyoshi Nakazawa, Johan Rajamaki, Johann Stelzer, Gary Ward.

853
Hajime Kajiwara.

?
Karl-Heinz Maurer.

1989
893
John Alcorn, Georg Arbinger, Michael Bartels, Frank Biela, Christophe Bouchet, Kenny Brack, Thierry Delubac, Jason Eliott, Heinz-Harald Frentzen, Jean-Marc Gounon, Mika Hakkinen, Yukihiro Hane, Takahiko Hara, Eric Helary, Marc Hessel, Christophe Hurni, Ralf Kelleners, Gerrit van Kouwen, Frank Krämer, Rolf Kuhn, Takuya Kurosawa, Andrea Montermini, Akio Morimoto, Daniel Müller, Klaus Panchyrz, Otto Rensing, Rickard Rydell, Mika Salo, Syuuroku Sasaki, Frank Schmickler, Niclas Schonstrom, Michael Schumacher, Paul Stewart, Eiichi Tajima, Antonio Tamburini, Keiichi Tsuchiya, Gary Ward, Paul Warwick, Meik Wagner, Peter Zakowski, Flurin Zegg.

883
Robert Armen, Frank Beyerlein, Franz Binder, Fredrik Ekblom, Franz Engstler, Christian Fittipaldi, Djalma Fogaça, Leonel Friedrich, Néstor Gurini, Svend Hansen, Stephen Hepworth, Christophe Hurni, Ernesto Jochamowitz, Niclas Jonsson, Tom Kristensen, Vital Machado, Pedro Muffato, Jorge Muraglia, Jan Nilsson, Hakan Olausson, José Luis Di Palma, Klaus Panchyrz, Cezar Pegoraro, Renato Russo, Elio Seikel, Peter Schär, Ruedi Schurter, Johann Stelzer, Scott Stringfellow, Thorsten Walz.

873
Richard Hamann, Eddie Kimbell, Josef Neuhauser, Affonso Rangel, Charles Rickett, Ricardo Risatti, Renato Russo, Ruedi Schurter, Craig Simmiss, Keiichi Tsuchiya.

863
Günter Aberer, Sigi Betz, Thomas Gellermann, Yasuhiro Okuno, Shin Saitou, Tatsuhiko Seki, Kyouji Suzuki.

853
Tomoyuki Hosono, Katsunori Iketani.

?
Thomas Kugler.

1990
903
Laurent Aiello, Michael Bartels, Fabio Babbini, Fabrizio Bettini, Christophe Bouchut, Giuseppi Bugatti, Eric Cheli, Roberto Colciago, Fredrik Ekblom, Jason Elliott, Jordi Gene, Andrea Gilardi, Carlos Guerrero, Micke Gustavsson, Takahiko Hara, Eric Helary, Marc Hessel, Derek Higgins, Yasutaka Hinoi, Michel van Hool, Takachiho Inoue, Niclas Jonsson, Wolfgang Kaufmann, Tony Leivo, Markus Liesner, Linus Lundberg, Jonathan McGall, Akio Morimoto, Jörg Müller, Günter Muskovits, Sadafumi Nakajima, Eduar Neto, Klaus Panchyrz, Max Papis, Alex Prioglio, Thomas Rabe, Oliver Schmitt, Michael Schumacher, Kenta Shimamura, Paul Stewart, Felice Tedeschi, Jacques Villeneuve, Mario Andrea Vismara, Paul Warwick, Julian Westwood, Peter Zakowski.

893
Robert Amren, Fritz Augsburger, Franz Binder, Roland Bossy, Philippe Brennenstuhl, David Coyne, Markus Grossmann, Christophe Hurni, Syun’ichi Inoue, Michael Kaulmann, Satoshi Kikuchi, Günther Köbele, Joachim Koscielniak, Kenji Moriya, Sadafumi Nakajima, Josef Neuhauser, Masayoshi Nishigaito, Yukio Okamoto, Dario Rosso, Oliver Schäffer, Peter Schär, Oliver Schmitt, Justin Sünkel, Jan Thoelke, Uwe Wolpert.

883
Fernando Croceri, Steve Deeks, Pedro Diniz, Franz Engstler, Christian Fittipaldi, Djalma Fogaça, Affonso Giaffone, Svend Hansen, Sonny Johansson, Tooru Katou, Guillermo Kissling, Vital Machado, Cezar Pegoraro, Edgar Pereira, Ruedi Schurter, Elio Seikel, Gernot Sirrenburg, Peter Sneller, Tom Stefani, Johann Stelzer, Monica Strath, Lazlo Szasz, Alan Tulloch, Karl-Heinz Voss.

873
Sandie Brodie, Gerhard Claus, Ralf Dekarski, Leonel Friedrich, Eddie Kimbell, Ricardo Risatti.

?
Rainer Fischer, Thomas Kugler.

1991
913
Eric Anglevy, Olivier Beretta, Franz Binder, Eric Cheli, Gil de Ferran, Markus Grossmann, Carlos Guerrero, Micke Gustavsson, Takahiko Hara, Johnny Hauser, Derek Higgins, Mikke van Hool, Thomas Johansson, Niclas Jonsson, Joachim Koscielniak, Frank Krämer, Pedro Lamy, Markus Liesner, Sascha Maaßen, Jörg Müller, Yvan Muller, Masyoshi Nishigaito, Jacques Villeneuve, Alex Zampedri.

903
Giovanni Aloi, Steve Arnold, Joachim Beule, Peter Carlsson, Ralf Eisenreich, Horst Farnbacher, Adrian Fernandez, Carlos Guerrero, Takahiko Hara, Cesar Jiminez, Josef Neuhauser, Tadashi Okunuki, Joachim Ryschka, Philip Steinauer, Laszlo Szasz, Rene Wartmann.

893
Rainer Fischer, Pekka Herva, Peter Katsarski, Danny Pfeil, Justin Sünkel, John Wilcock, Logan Wilms.

883
Guillermo Kissling, Fernando Macedo, Pedro Muffato, Darcio Dos Santos, Gernot Sirrenburg, Alan Tulloch, Andrea Vianini.

873
Peter Bachofen, Ricardo Risatti, Thomas Wagner.

863
Albrecht Trautzburg.

?
Philippe Brennenstuhl.

1992
923
Philippe Adams, Eric Anglevy, Heather Baillie, Franz Binder, Kelvin Burt, Eric Cheli, Pedro Diniz, Gil de Ferran, Marc Goossens, Marc Hessel, Derek Higgins, Mikke van Hool, Warren Hughes, Claudia Hürtgen, Elton Julian, Pedro Lamy, Markus Liesner, Jörg Müller, Osvaldo Negri, Morio Nitta, Stéphane Ortelli, Anthony Reid, Andre Ribeiro, Eiji Sengoku, Tetsufumi Toda, Peter Wieser, Patrick Vallant.

913
Franz Binder, Peter Carlsson, Hilton Cowie, Micke Gustavsson, William Hewland, Sonny Johansson, Tomas Karhanek.

903
Giovanni Aloi, Alois Bichler, Javier Collado, Adrian Fernandez, Rene Ferrat, Eduardo Galicia, Carlos Guerrero, Cesar Jiminez, Rod Macleod, Josef Neuhauser, Rogelio Rodriguez, Joachim Ryschka, Andreas Schüssler, Alejandro Villasana.

893
Ulf Jonansson, Bernd Mayländer, Peter Rief, John Wilcock.

883
Suzane Carvalho, Richard Neurauter, Gernot Sirrenburg.

873
Peter Bachofen, Thomas Wagner.

863
Albrecht Trautzburg.

?
Yvan Berset, Juan C. Giacchino, Ananías Justino, Laercio Justino, Mario Olivelli.

1993
933
Kelvin Burt, Miguel de Castro, Richard Dean, Jérémie Dufour, Dario Franchitti, Marc Goossens, Marcos Gueiros, Mikke van Hool, Masami Kageyama, Scott Lakin, Taichirou Oonishi, Danny Pfeil, Andre Ribeiro, Pedro de la Rosa, Eiichi Tajima, Kazuaki Takamura, Thomas Wöhrle.

923
Günter Aberer, Franz Binder, Michael Brain, Hans Egger-Richter, Yukihiro Hane, Gray Hedley, William Hewland, Christian Horner, Piers Hunnisett, Tomas Karhanek, Atsushi Kawamoto, Kazuhiro Koizumi, Claudia Kreuzsaler, Taichirou Oonishi, Osamo Oono, Wolfgang Petutschnig, Andreas Reiter, Eiji Sengoku, Fumio Takanishi, Masayuki Yamamoto.

913
Hennie Groenwald, Erich Knauseder, Josef Neuhauser, Arnold Wagner, Magnus Wallinder.

903
Richard Neurauter, Andreas Schüssler, Werner Taxacher, Thomas Wagner.

893
Peter Rief.

883
Roberto Galafassi, Walter Proebst, Gernot Sirrenburg, Milton Sperafico.

873
Néstor Flaumer.

1994
933
Masayoshi Hasimoto, Dirantha Maragamuwa, Hiroshi Urayoshi, Kazuteru Wakida.

913
Martin Albrecht, Peter Rief.

903
Josef Renauer, Christian Scheiring.

893
Alfred Ehgartner.

1995
923
Wolfgang Petutschnig, Josef Renauer, Eugen Swoboda.

903
“Eddy”, Dietmar Frischmann.

893
Peter Rössler.

1996
923
Bernhard Schreiner, Eugen Swoboda.

903
Josef Renauer.

893
Peter Rössler.

883
Werner Frenz.

1997 893
Peter Rössler.

2001
923
Peter Rees.

913
Graeme Holmes.

903
Craig Smith.

893
Rod Anderson.

2003 923
Ari “Jokke” Kalliola.

Rheinland

rheinland
rheinland
rheinland

Rheinland

A German F3 car, the 374 was usually raced by Harald Ertl in the 1974 German Championship, it was a renamed Eifelland (q.v.), it was Toyota powered and results were nothing too special with a best of a fourth at the Nurburgring.

Drivers

1974 374
Harald Ertl, Henning Schmidt.

1975 374
Jürgen Schlitz, Henning Schmidt.

Ring

ring
ring
ring

Ring

Sadly no details at all about this car, the PB3, other than it appeared in at least one round of the 1983 European Championship

Drivers

1983
Thierry Heirmann.

Rispal

rispal
rispal

Rispal

Raymond Rispal was a Renault distributor in Bordeaux and his first car was an early F Junior, it had a tubular frame, wishbones and coil springs/dampers based on the Renault Dauphine at the front and the rear suspension used a swing-axle. Not surprisingly, in view of Rispal’s Renault connections, it used a Renault Dauphine engine and transmission which were ideal for a rear-engined design. In 1964 a Rispal, still using a Renault engine and driven by Raymond Rispal appeared irregularly in the French Championship claiming a few top ten finishes although usually several laps adrift in generally not very strong fields. For 1965 the Rispal was only seen three times and results were poor as the fields became stronger. Whether the car that was seen in ’64 and ’65 was an updated version of the F Junior car or a new model isn’t known.

Drivers

1964 Raymond Rispal.

1965 Raymond Rispal.

Roni

t85
Ian Flux testing the Roni.

Roni

The Roni was a revamp of the Cygnus, the Cygnus (q.v.) appeared in July/August 1984, it was designed by two men from March, Nick Wasyliw and Rob Gustavsson and built by Paul Vincent in north London. Apparently it had been conceived long before its appearance but that hardy perennial, lack of money, saw its gestation delayed. Ian Flux did a couple of races in it without setting the world alight. For 1985 the Cygnus was converted to comply with the new flat-bottomed F3 regs and renamed the Roni.

1985

The Roni was the Cygnus tub with new sidepods and a flat bottom, the suspension was revised to take account of these changes. As with the Cygnus Ian Flux did the driving in the couple of races in which it was entered. Sadly, as before, Flux reported the chassis was good but the engine wasn’t and a lack of finance saw the project grind to a halt.

Drivers

1985 Ian Flux.

t85a
Ian Flux waiting to go out onto the track during testing.